How each calculator works

Method: CM = SMV × cost per minute ÷ (efficiency ÷ 100), then × (1 + overhead%) × (1 + profit%). CM is not Cost per Minute.

Purpose

The cost to convert cut pieces into a finished garment, blending standard time, cost per minute and the line's realised efficiency.

Units

Inputs use min, currency / min, %; result uses per garment.

Working assumption

Do not confuse CM with Cost per Minute. Use CM for garment-level costing and quotations; use CPM for shop-floor operating cost per capacity minute.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Cost per minute = total operating cost ÷ total available production minutes.

Purpose

The average cost incurred to keep one minute of production capacity available, blending fixed and variable operating costs.

Units

Inputs use min; result uses per minute.

Working assumption

Use consistently against a defined cost boundary. Comparing cost per minute across sites is only valid when the included cost categories match.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: SMV = observed time × (rating ÷ 100) × (1 + allowance ÷ 100).

Purpose

The standard minutes an average operator, working at normal pace, needs to complete one operation once allowances are applied.

Units

Inputs use min, %; result uses min.

Working assumption

Use validated SMVs for line balancing, capacity and CM. A single observed cycle is a starting point — verify with multiple readings before locking a standard.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Consumption (kg) = (body length ÷ 100) × (chest width ÷ 100) × 2 × GSM × (1 + wastage%) ÷ 1000. Method: knit body-panel estimate only.

Purpose

The fabric weight required for the front and back body panels of a knit garment, before sleeves and trims.

Units

Inputs use cm, g/m², %; result uses kg / garment.

Working assumption

Do not use this figure for a woven bottom or a garment with heavy trims. Build a full pattern-based marker consumption for costing sign-off.

Practical limit

Planning estimate for knit front and back body panels only. Add sleeves, collar, pockets, trims, marker effects and any additional process loss before approving a BOM.

Method: Thread metres = Σ[seam length × user-entered thread factor × (1 + allowance % ÷ 100)].

Purpose

Auditable seam-by-seam thread requirement using user-entered stitch factors.

Units

Inputs explicitly use m, %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Thread factors must come from an authorized seam/stitch reference or trial.

Method: Trim total = Σ[quantity × unit cost × (1 + waste % ÷ 100)].

Purpose

Repeatable trim BOM cost with explicit quantity, rate, and waste.

Units

Inputs explicitly use chosen trim unit (piece, m or kg), currency per chosen trim unit, %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: Per-piece print cost = [(setup + screens × screen rate) ÷ order quantity + run cost] × (1 + reject allowance % ÷ 100).

Purpose

Setup, screen, run, and reject allowance allocated per good piece.

Units

Inputs explicitly use currency, screens, currency/piece, pieces, %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Cost per garment = (stitches ÷ 1,000 × rate per thousand) × (1 + reject allowance % ÷ 100) + setup cost ÷ order quantity.

Purpose

Stitch-run and setup cost allocated per ordered garment.

Units

Inputs explicitly use stitches, currency/1000 stitches, currency, pieces, %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Wash cost per garment = Σ entered batch cost lines ÷ good output.

Purpose

Chemistry, utility, labour, and overhead lines normalized per good output.

Units

Inputs explicitly use garments, currency. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: Total garment cost = Σ entered component costs.

Purpose

Auditable fabric, trims, CM, processing, packing, and overhead total.

Units

Inputs explicitly use currency. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: Gross margin % = (selling price − cost) ÷ selling price × 100; markup % = (selling price − cost) ÷ cost × 100.

Purpose

Gross margin and markup shown together with their different denominators.

Units

Inputs explicitly use currency. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: FOB = (CM + fabric + trims + overhead) × (1 + margin%).

Purpose

The free-on-board selling price built up from make cost, materials, overheads and a margin.

Units

Inputs use currency, %; result uses per garment.

Working assumption

Use for quotations. Cross-check against a target-costing exercise, and confirm which costs are included (testing, samples, LC charges) before quoting a buyer.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Landed = FOB × (1 + duty%) + freight + clearing.

Purpose

The delivered cost per garment at the destination warehouse, including duty, freight and clearing.

Units

Inputs use currency, %; result uses per garment (landed).

Working assumption

Compare landed costs, not FOBs, when sourcing from different countries. Duty regime and freight lane can flip the ranking.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Cost breakdown total = Σ entered line amounts; displayed total reconciles every row.

Purpose

Repeatable line-item manufacturing or landed-cost summary.

Units

Inputs explicitly use currency. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: GSM (g/m²) = specimen mass converted to grams ÷ [length converted to metres × width converted to metres].

Purpose

Specimen mass divided by converted specimen area.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Shrinkage (%) = (original length − after-wash length) ÷ original length × 100. Negative values indicate growth.

Purpose

The percentage dimensional change of a fabric swatch after a standard wash cycle.

Units

Inputs use cm; result uses %.

Working assumption

Uplift patterns using the maximum of length and width shrinkage. A single-axis reading understates the pattern adjustment needed.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Signed relaxation change % = (after − before) ÷ before × 100; a negative value is shrinkage (contraction) and a positive value is growth (extension).

Purpose

Signed length and width change from before to after relaxation.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Fabric yield % = usable output ÷ issued input × 100.

Purpose

Usable output divided by issued input on the same basis.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Roll length (m) = roll mass converted to grams ÷ [GSM (g/m²) × width converted to metres].

Purpose

Roll length from mass, GSM, and usable width after unit normalization.

Units

Inputs explicitly use g/m². Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Converted width = source width × user-entered authorized conversion factor.

Purpose

Width converted using an explicitly entered, authorized convention factor.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

No universal tube/open convention is embedded; use an authorized factor.

Method: Spreading loss % = Σ entered loss lengths ÷ issued length × 100.

Purpose

End, splice, remnant, and damage losses reconciled against issued length.

Units

Inputs explicitly use m. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: Marker efficiency % = pattern area ÷ marker area × 100.

Purpose

Pattern area divided by total marker area.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Allocated quantity = Σ[floor(size quantity ÷ common ply factor) × common ply factor]; balance remains visible.

Purpose

Whole-ply allocation by size with visible unallocated balance.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: Fabric weight (kg) = length (m) × width (m) × GSM (g/m²) ÷ 1,000.

Purpose

Fabric mass from converted length, width, and GSM.

Units

Inputs explicitly use m, g/m². Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Adjusted consumption = base consumption × (1 + shrinkage % ÷ 100) × (1 + wastage % ÷ 100).

Purpose

Base consumption adjusted by separately disclosed shrinkage and waste factors.

Units

Inputs explicitly use %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Line efficiency (%) = earned minutes ÷ available minutes × 100.

Purpose

How much of the total available operator time on a line was converted into standard minutes of good output.

Units

Inputs use min; result uses %.

Working assumption

Use as a planning aid alongside your own IE standards. Line efficiency is only meaningful when SMV data and attendance are verified — treat isolated single-shift readings as noise.

Practical limit

Use validated garment SMV and good output; rejected or reworked pieces must not inflate earned minutes.

Method: Operator efficiency % = output × SAM ÷ attended minutes × 100.

Purpose

Individual earned minutes divided by attended minutes.

Units

Inputs explicitly use pieces, min/piece, min. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Productivity = output units ÷ machine-hours.

Purpose

How much output one machine delivers per running hour, regardless of operator.

Units

Inputs use h; result uses units / machine-hour.

Working assumption

Only meaningful for machine-paced operations. For operator-paced sewing, prefer operator efficiency and line efficiency.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Operators = target output × SAM ÷ (available minutes × efficiency ÷ 100).

Purpose

The direct sewing operators required to hit a planned output at the planned efficiency.

Units

Inputs use garments, min, %; result uses operators (raw).

Working assumption

Add allowances for absenteeism, learning curve and helpers. This is a floor, not a ceiling.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Capacity = operators × working minutes × target efficiency ÷ garment SMV.

Purpose

The upper-bound garment output a balanced line could produce at a given efficiency against a validated SMV.

Units

Inputs use min, %; result uses garments.

Working assumption

Use for order feasibility and manpower planning. Do not use the output as a commitment without allowing for line balance loss, absenteeism and learning curves.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Cumulative actual = Σ actual; variance = Σ actual − Σ target; attainment % = Σ actual ÷ Σ target × 100.

Purpose

Hourly targets and actuals with cumulative variance and attainment.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: SAM = observed time × rating % ÷ 100 × (1 + allowance % ÷ 100); this uses an additive allowance convention.

Purpose

Observed time normalized by rating and an explicit allowance convention.

Units

Inputs explicitly use min, %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Pitch time (min/piece) = available line minutes ÷ required output.

Purpose

Available production time divided by required output.

Units

Inputs explicitly use min, pieces. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Closing WIP = opening WIP + input − output.

Purpose

Flow reconciliation of opening, input, and output.

Units

Inputs explicitly use pieces. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Balance efficiency (%) = total SMV ÷ (operations × bottleneck SMV) × 100.

Purpose

How evenly workload is distributed across sewing operations. Low balance efficiency signals lost capacity to the slowest operation.

Units

Inputs use min; result uses %.

Working assumption

Balance is a snapshot. Rebalance whenever the bottleneck SMV or operator mix changes; do not chase a single reading.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: DHU = defects ÷ units inspected × 100.

Purpose

The intensity of defects normalised to a common base of 100 inspected units.

Units

Inputs use a consistent stated basis; result uses per 100 units.

Working assumption

Trend DHU by line and defect category, not as a single number. A DHU snapshot without a stratification by defect code obscures the actual root causes.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: First-pass yield (%) = first-pass units ÷ inspected units × 100.

Purpose

The share of units that pass end-of-line inspection the first time, without rework.

Units

Inputs use a consistent stated basis; result uses %.

Working assumption

Pair with DHU. A high yield with unstable DHU trend often reflects inspection loosening rather than a real quality improvement.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Cycles per operator hour = completed cycles ÷ operator hours.

Purpose

Completed cycles divided by operator hours.

Units

Inputs explicitly use cycles, h. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: OEE (%) = availability × performance × quality (each expressed as a percentage).

Purpose

How effectively a piece of equipment is used against its planned production time, factoring downtime, speed loss and quality loss.

Units

Inputs use %; result uses %.

Working assumption

Diagnose OEE by its three components, not the composite alone — the composite hides which of availability, performance or quality is the constraint.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Takt time = available production minutes ÷ customer demand units.

Purpose

The pace, in minutes per unit, at which the line must complete garments to satisfy the customer demand rate.

Units

Inputs use min, units; result uses min / unit.

Working assumption

Use as a planning constraint. Takt is set by demand, not by the factory — don't confuse takt with cycle time or SMV.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: CIE76 ΔE = √(ΔL² + Δa² + Δb²); weighted mode uses user-entered coordinate weights.

Purpose

Disclosed colour-coordinate distance; not an instrument result.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This does not claim to read an instrument or replace an authorized colour method.

Method: Wash recipe cost per garment = Σ entered cost lines ÷ good output.

Purpose

Wet-process recipe charges reconciled and normalized per good garment output.

Units

Inputs explicitly use garments. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: Chemical consumption (kg) = entered dose % ÷ 100 × entered batch mass basis (kg).

Purpose

Chemical quantity from an explicitly stated batch-mass percentage basis.

Units

Inputs explicitly use %, kg. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Stone ratio = stone mass ÷ garment dry mass.

Purpose

Stone mass relative to garment dry mass.

Units

Inputs explicitly use kg. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Enzyme % on dry mass = enzyme mass ÷ garment dry mass × 100.

Purpose

Enzyme mass percentage on the garment dry-mass basis.

Units

Inputs explicitly use kg. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Active used per piece = used volume × entered concentration % ÷ 100 ÷ pieces; loss = prepared − used.

Purpose

Used active solution per piece with prepared-versus-used loss visibility.

Units

Inputs explicitly use %, pieces. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Template-to-waist ratio % = template width ÷ garment waist × 100.

Purpose

Template-to-garment dimensional ratio entered for a specific style.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

No universal fit rule is embedded; verify the ratio for the actual style.

Method: Signed change % = (after − before) ÷ before × 100; a negative value is shrinkage and a positive value is growth. The legacy knowledge-centre shrinkage calculator reports the opposite sign convention (shrinkage positive); read the label on each result.

Purpose

Signed length and width change on the before-dimension divisor.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Score = user-entered observation score × user-authorized weight; compare with user-authorized threshold.

Purpose

Disclosed user-configured scorecard, not a predictive model.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This transparent scorecard is not a prediction or certification.

Method: Dry weight loss % = (before dry mass − after dry mass) ÷ before dry mass × 100.

Purpose

Conditioned dry-mass loss relative to the before dry mass.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Thread metres = (seam length cm × consumption factor ÷ 100) × (1 + wastage%). Estimate — verify with a spool test.

Purpose

The sewing thread quantity needed per garment for a given seam length and stitch class, with a wastage allowance.

Units

Inputs use cm, m / m of seam, %; result uses metres of thread.

Working assumption

Use per colour. Add a safety margin for bobbin changes and mixed stitch classes; the factor here is a single-class approximation.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: SPI = stitch count ÷ measured seam length converted to inches.

Purpose

Stitch count normalized to one inch of measured seam.

Units

Inputs explicitly use stitches. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Compatibility = candidate needle is between the user-entered authorized minimum and maximum.

Purpose

Checks a candidate needle value against user-authorized limits.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This does not reproduce an official needle chart; authorize all constraints.

Method: Ideal seam feed (in/min) = machine RPM ÷ target stitches per inch.

Purpose

Disclosed ideal feed relationship from RPM and stitch density.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Seam strength index = measured maximum seam force (N) ÷ seam length (mm), reported in N/mm; disposition compares that index with the user-entered minimum for the same index.

Purpose

Measured maximum seam force divided by seam length, compared with a user-entered minimum for the same index.

Units

Inputs explicitly use N, mm, N/mm. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Force and length are entered in the displayed units, so the index is expressed in newtons per millimetre.

Practical limit

ISO 13935 reports the maximum seam force of a specimen in newtons, not a force-per-length index, so this normalised index is an internal comparison only and is not a standard test result or certification.

Method: Pass when |actual allowance − user-entered authorized specification| ≤ entered tolerance.

Purpose

Actual seam allowance checked against an authorized specification and tolerance.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

No seam-type allowance table is embedded; enter the authorized specification.

Method: Whole bundle size = floor(WIP limit ÷ handling intervals).

Purpose

Practical whole bundle size from WIP limit and handling interval.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Marker efficiency (%) = total pattern area ÷ marker area × 100.

Purpose

How much of the marker area is used by real pattern pieces vs waste between them.

Units

Inputs use cm²; result uses %.

Working assumption

Track marker efficiency by fabric width, size mix and style. Comparing across different size-mix ratios is misleading.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Plies = GCD(qtyS, qtyM, qtyL, qtyXL). Per-ply ratio = each size ÷ plies.

Purpose

The largest number of plies that produces whole garments per size across a four-size order mix.

Units

Inputs use garments; result uses plies (max).

Working assumption

Combine with lay-height limits and marker length. The GCD is a mathematical upper bound; the practical plies count depends on cutting-room constraints.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Maximum plies = floor[min(authorized safe height ÷ compressed thickness, authorized maximum plies)].

Purpose

Maximum whole plies from authorized thickness and safe-height limits.

Units

Inputs explicitly use plies. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

Use only authorized machine, knife, material, and safety constraints.

Method: Cutting capacity = lays × plies per lay × pieces per ply.

Purpose

Whole pieces from lays, plies, and pieces per ply.

Units

Inputs explicitly use lays, plies/lay, pieces/ply. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Fabric loss % = [issued − cut − returned − usable remnant] ÷ issued × 100.

Purpose

Issued length reconciled against cut, returned, and usable remnant.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Usable end-bit total = Σ remainder length where entered classification is usable.

Purpose

Roll-end remainders classified as usable or rejected.

Units

Inputs explicitly use m. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: Allocated length = min(Σ selected roll lengths, user-entered authorized demand); shortage = demand − allocated.

Purpose

Entered roll lengths allocated to an authorized lay demand with shortage visibility.

Units

Inputs explicitly use m. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Roll eligibility and mixing constraints must be user-entered and authorized.

Purpose

Apply buyer-authorized sample size and acceptance/rejection counts to recorded inspection findings.

Units

Lot and sample sizes use units; Ac/Re and observations use defect counts by class.

Working assumption

The sample size, inspection level, severity and Ac/Re values come from the current licensed standard or buyer manual.

Practical limit

No licensed sampling table is embedded. This workspace calculates decisions from buyer-entered policy values and does not certify compliance.

Method: DHU = defects ÷ units inspected × 100.

Purpose

The intensity of defects normalised to a common base of 100 inspected units.

Units

Inputs use a consistent stated basis; result uses per 100 units.

Working assumption

Trend DHU by line and defect category, not as a single number. A DHU snapshot without a stratification by defect code obscures the actual root causes.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: First-pass yield (%) = first-pass units ÷ inspected units × 100.

Purpose

The share of units that pass end-of-line inspection the first time, without rework.

Units

Inputs use a consistent stated basis; result uses %.

Working assumption

Pair with DHU. A high yield with unstable DHU trend often reflects inspection loosening rather than a real quality improvement.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: DPMO = defects ÷ (units × opportunities per unit) × 1,000,000.

Purpose

The defect rate expressed per million opportunities, allowing comparison across processes with different sample sizes.

Units

Inputs use a consistent stated basis; result uses defects per million opportunities.

Working assumption

Fix the opportunity definition before tracking DPMO over time. A shifting opportunity count invalidates trend comparisons.

Practical limit

Use as a planning aid and verify the entered basis against the authorized factory, buyer or finance method.

Method: Sigma (short-term) = 0.8406 + √(29.37 − 2.221 × ln(DPMO)). Long-term Zlt = Zst − 1.5.

Purpose

The process capability expressed on the sigma scale, derived from DPMO via the widely-published Motorola approximation.

Units

Inputs use a consistent stated basis; result uses σ (short-term).

Working assumption

Sigma level is only meaningful with a stable, defined opportunity count. Do not compare sigma levels across processes with different opportunity definitions.

Practical limit

Approximate Motorola short-term conversion from DPMO, including the conventional 1.5-sigma long-term shift. It is not a certified capability result or a universal standards conversion.

Method: Defects per hundred units (DHU-basis) % = total defects ÷ inspected units × 100, and may exceed 100%; defective units % = defective units ÷ inspected units × 100, and cannot exceed 100%.

Purpose

Defects per hundred units, which can exceed 100%, reported separately from the defective-unit rate, which cannot.

Units

Inputs explicitly use defects, units. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

A defective unit is a unit containing one or more defects (ASQ quality glossary), so the total defect count may legitimately exceed the number of inspected units.

Practical limit

Defective units cannot exceed inspected units; total defects are deliberately not capped.

Method: Policy record = user-entered authorized sample size, Ac, and Re; no official standard table is calculated.

Purpose

Records an authorized sample size and Ac/Re policy without reproducing a table.

Units

Inputs explicitly use units, defectives. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

Records a sample size and Ac/Re values taken from an authorized buyer policy or licensed standard. It contains no official sampling table and does not certify lot compliance.

Method: Average reading = Σ recorded readings ÷ reading count; grouping limits remain user-authorized.

Purpose

Entered numeric readings summarized for user-controlled shade grouping.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

This does not replace visual approval or an instrument/authorized shade-band rule.

Method: Deviation = actual − spec; Pass when deviation ≤ plus tolerance and deviation ≥ −minus tolerance.

Purpose

Observed deviation checked against separate plus and minus tolerances.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Pass only when every applicable entered criterion passes; fail overrides incomplete.

Purpose

Per-size measurement, workmanship, construction, and action checklist.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Every applicable criterion is assessed against an authorized requirement.

Practical limit

This disclosed checklist supports disposition; it is not a certification.

Method: Pass only when every applicable recorded fit checkpoint passes.

Purpose

Configurable fit checkpoint disposition that does not issue certification.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Every applicable criterion is assessed against an authorized requirement.

Practical limit

This disclosed checklist supports disposition; it is not a certification.

Method: Order quantity = Σ[base quantity × (1 + overage % ÷ 100)].

Purpose

Colour/size quantities with explicit overage.

Units

Inputs explicitly use %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: Whole allocated units = floor(total units ÷ Σ ratio) × Σ ratio; remainder = total units − allocated.

Purpose

Whole ratio-set allocation with rounding remainder.

Units

Inputs explicitly use pieces. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: Carton volume (m³) = length × width × height after each dimension is converted to metres.

Purpose

Single-carton volume after dimensional unit conversion.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Shipment CBM = length × width × height after metre conversion × carton quantity.

Purpose

Total shipment cubic metres from carton dimensions and count.

Units

Inputs explicitly use cartons. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Freight cost = selected actual, volumetric, or chargeable basis × user-entered rate; chargeable uses the higher entered basis.

Purpose

User-selected actual, volumetric, or chargeable basis multiplied by an entered rate.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

Use carrier-authorized divisors, basis rules, and user-entered rates.

Method: Delivery lead time days = task duration + dependency duration + explicit buffer.

Purpose

Task durations and buffer rolled into total calendar planning days.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Allocated total = Σ line allocations; imbalance = PO quantity − allocated total; completion % = allocated ÷ PO × 100.

Purpose

PO allocation across lines or factories with imbalance visibility.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: Trim requirement = usage per garment × order quantity × (1 + wastage % ÷ 100).

Purpose

Trim usage applied to order quantity with explicit waste.

Units

Inputs explicitly use %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Carton CBM = length × width × height after converting each dimension to metres.

Purpose

Carton dimensions converted to cubic metres.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Cartons by volume = floor(user-entered internal capacity × entered utilization % ÷ carton volume).

Purpose

Carton count from user-entered internal capacity and utilization.

Units

Inputs explicitly use m³, %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

No carrier/container table is embedded; enter authorized internal capacity.

Method: Cartons needed = ceil(total units ÷ units per carton); last-carton units = total units mod units per carton.

Purpose

Cartons needed and remainder from units per carton.

Units

Inputs explicitly use pieces, pieces/carton. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Polybag length = folded length + user-entered length clearance; width = folded width + entered width clearance.

Purpose

Folded garment dimensions plus user-authorized clearances.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Barcode quantity = units × labels per unit × (1 + allowance % ÷ 100).

Purpose

Label count with replacement and waste allowance.

Units

Inputs explicitly use pieces, %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Export cost total = Σ entered charges; export cost per unit = total ÷ shipment units.

Purpose

Transport, handling, document, customs, and other shipment charges.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Verify rates and bases against the authorized source.

Method: LC cost = Σ[user-entered charge base × entered bank rate % ÷ 100 + flat charge] × (1 + entered tax % ÷ 100).

Purpose

User-entered LC charge bases, rates, and flat fees with tax sequence.

Units

Inputs explicitly use %, currency. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Use only bank-authorized rates, periods, minima, maxima, and jurisdictional taxes.

Method: Bank charge = Σ[user-entered basis × entered rate % ÷ 100 + flat charge], then entered tax is applied.

Purpose

User-entered remittance or negotiation fee bases and rates.

Units

Inputs explicitly use %, currency. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Confirm minima, maxima, periods, and taxes with the authorized bank and jurisdiction.

Method: Duty = user-entered customs value × entered duty rate % ÷ 100; tax = (customs value + duty) × entered tax rate % ÷ 100; total = duty + tax.

Purpose

User-entered customs value, duty rate, tax rate, and explicit sequence.

Units

Inputs explicitly use currency, %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

Rates and taxable bases must be verified for the applicable customs jurisdiction.

Method: Import landed total = Σ entered cost lines; landed unit cost = landed total ÷ units.

Purpose

Goods, freight, insurance, duty, tax, and fee lines reconciled to landed cost.

Units

Inputs explicitly use pieces, currency. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Every duty, tax, and fee must come from the authorized shipment and jurisdiction.

Method: Settlement impact in quoted currency = foreign amount × (settlement rate − base rate); positive is a higher quoted-currency settlement.

Purpose

Settlement-value change using explicitly stated base and settlement rates.

Units

Inputs explicitly use foreign currency, base currency per foreign unit. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Gross profit = revenue − cost; margin % = gross profit ÷ revenue × 100; markup % = gross profit ÷ cost × 100.

Purpose

Shipment gross profit, margin, and markup without denominator confusion.

Units

Inputs explicitly use currency. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Ease allowance = garment measurement − body measurement.

Purpose

Garment measurement minus body measurement for a selected POM.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Graded measurement per row = base measurement + grade steps × user-entered increment.

Purpose

Base measurement plus user-entered size steps and grade increment.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Grade rules must be entered from the authorized pattern specification.

Method: Required pre-process dimension = target finished dimension ÷ (1 − shrinkage % ÷ 100).

Purpose

Required pre-process dimension for an entered finished target and shrinkage.

Units

Inputs explicitly use %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Pass when actual − graded spec is between −minus tolerance and +plus tolerance.

Purpose

Actual graded POM checked against plus and minus tolerance.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: Disposition passes only when every applicable user-defined balance checkpoint passes.

Purpose

User-defined front/back/side balance checkpoints and actions.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Every applicable criterion is assessed against an authorized requirement.

Practical limit

This disclosed checklist supports disposition; it is not a certification.

Method: Disposition uses recorded method and user-entered requirement; no official grade is calculated from instrument signals.

Purpose

Recorded method, requirement, observed grade, and disposition checklist.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Every applicable criterion is assessed against an authorized requirement.

Practical limit

Use the authorized laboratory method, specimen count, conditioning, units and acceptance rule. This tool only records or summarizes entered observations; it does not perform or certify a test.

Method: Disposition uses the recorded observed grade against the user-entered requirement; no grade is inferred.

Purpose

Recorded method/cycles, observed grade, requirement, and disposition.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Every applicable criterion is assessed against an authorized requirement.

Practical limit

Use the authorized laboratory method, specimen count, conditioning, units and acceptance rule. This tool only records or summarizes entered observations; it does not perform or certify a test.

Method: Mean tear strength = Σ replicate values ÷ replicate count; compare with user-entered requirement.

Purpose

Replicate force values summarized without claiming instrument operation.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Use the authorized laboratory method, specimen count, conditioning, units and acceptance rule. This tool only records or summarizes entered observations; it does not perform or certify a test.

Method: Mean bursting strength = Σ replicate values ÷ replicate count; compare with user-entered requirement.

Purpose

Replicate pressure values summarized against an entered requirement.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Use the authorized laboratory method, specimen count, conditioning, units and acceptance rule. This tool only records or summarizes entered observations; it does not perform or certify a test.

Method: Composition total % = Σ entered component percentages; imbalance = 100 − total.

Purpose

Blend component percentages reconciled to 100%.

Units

Inputs explicitly use %. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Use the authorized laboratory method, specimen count, conditioning, units and acceptance rule. This tool only records or summarizes entered observations; it does not perform or certify a test.

Method: Carbon estimate = Σ[activity quantity × user-entered emission factor]; per output = total ÷ good output.

Purpose

Activity quantities multiplied by user-supplied emission factors.

Units

Inputs explicitly use garments. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Estimate only: the result depends on the activity boundary, units, user-entered emission factors and named factor sources. It is not an assured inventory or certification.

Method: Consumption per output = (withdrawal − discharge) ÷ good output; withdrawal and reuse are reported separately.

Purpose

Withdrawal, consumption, and reuse kept distinct and normalized per good output.

Units

Inputs explicitly use garments. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

Operational reconciliation only: withdrawal, discharge and reuse must cover the same site, period and unit basis. A negative balance signals data or boundary reconciliation, not negative water use.

Method: Impact score = Σ[quantity × user-authorized impact weight].

Purpose

Transparent quantity × user-authorized impact-weight scorecard.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Policy score only: the result depends on user-authorized weights and their documented sources. It is not a hazard classification or certification.

Method: Converted energy = Σ[source energy × user-entered factor]; per output = total ÷ good output.

Purpose

Source energy multiplied by a user-supplied conversion factor and normalized.

Units

Inputs explicitly use garments. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row uses a consistent user-entered commercial basis.

Practical limit

Estimate only: source-energy units and the user-entered conversion factor must match, and the factor source must be documented. It is not a certification.

Method: Signed change % = (current − baseline) ÷ baseline × 100; interpretation follows the entered lower-is-better direction.

Purpose

Absolute and percentage change with explicit directionality.

Units

No universal unit is imposed. Keep every related value on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

All entered quantities use the displayed basis and units.

Practical limit

This deterministic result depends on user-entered data.

Method: ΔE*ab (CIE 1976) = √(ΔL*² + Δa*² + Δb*²) per roll; a roll joins the approved band when ΔE*ab ≤ the accepted tolerance, otherwise it is banded separately.

Purpose

Groups rolls or panels into shade bands from entered CIELAB deviations (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*) against the approved standard. No photograph is analysed.

Units

Inputs explicitly use ΔE. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

ΔL*, Δa* and Δb* come from an instrument report measured against the approved standard under one agreed illuminant and observer.

Practical limit

CIE 1976 ΔE*ab only. It does not apply CMC, ΔE2000 or any buyer-specific weighting, and it does not read images.

Method: DHU = Σ defects ÷ inspected units × 100; largest-code share % = highest single defect-code count ÷ Σ defects × 100 (ASQ defect terminology: one unit may carry several defects).

Purpose

Summarises inspector-entered defect counts by severity into DHU and a Pareto share. It classifies recorded counts; it does not recognise defects from images.

Units

Inputs explicitly use units, defects. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row is one defect code from the authorized defect list, counted over the same inspected lot and period.

Practical limit

No image classification is performed; the tool summarises counts an inspector enters.

Method: Deviation = measured − spec; the point passes when −tolerance(−) ≤ deviation ≤ tolerance(+). The result counts points outside tolerance.

Purpose

Compares measured points of measure against the approved spec and tolerance, point by point. Measurements are entered by the fit technician; no image is analysed.

Units

Inputs explicitly use cm. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Measured values, spec values and tolerances all use the same unit and the same measuring method as the approved size set.

Practical limit

Checks the points you enter only; it does not grade a size set, verify the pattern or read fit-session photographs.

Method: GSM (g/m²) = total specimen mass (g) ÷ (specimen area (cm²) × number of specimens) × 10,000. Ounces per square yard = GSM ÷ 33.906.

Purpose

Mass per unit area from a cut specimen, following the ASTM D3776 approach. Computed from the weighed specimen, not predicted from a photograph.

Units

Inputs explicitly use g, cm², specimens. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Specimens are conditioned and cut with a calibrated round cutter or a measured template, and the balance is calibrated.

Practical limit

No image or construction prediction is used: the result is only as accurate as the weighed specimen and its measured area.

Method: Bath volume (L) = dry load (kg) × liquor ratio (L/kg); chemical charge (kg) = bath volume × dose (g/L) ÷ 1,000; chemical cost per garment = charge × price ÷ garments in the load.

Purpose

Converts a wash load and liquor ratio into bath volume, chemical charge and cost per garment. It computes an entered recipe; it does not invent or rank recipes.

Units

Inputs explicitly use kg, L/kg, g/L, currency / kg, pcs. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Liquor ratio, dose and load are taken from the approved wash recipe card for this process step.

Practical limit

Dosing arithmetic only: it does not predict appearance, shade, hand feel or strength loss, and it does not suggest or optimise a recipe.

Method: Thread per garment (m) = Σ(seam length cm × stitch-type thread factor) ÷ 100 × (1 + wastage% ÷ 100).

Purpose

Sewing thread length per garment from seam lengths and the stitch-type thread factor you enter, plus a wastage allowance.

Units

Inputs explicitly use %, cm. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

The thread factor for each row comes from the stitch type and machine setting in use (for example a lockstitch 301 seam uses far less thread per cm than a 5-thread overlock 516).

Practical limit

Planning estimate: actual consumption varies with SPI, fabric thickness, tension, thread type and operator trimming habit. Confirm factors against your own consumption records.

Method: Basic time (s) = Σ(observed element time × rating ÷ 100); SMV (min) = basic time × (1 + allowance% ÷ 100) ÷ 60.

Purpose

Builds a standard minute value from observed element times, performance rating and an allowance. Times are entered from your own stopwatch or video review.

Units

Inputs explicitly use %, s. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Each row is one work element of a single complete cycle, rated against the agreed normal-performance scale.

Practical limit

No video is analysed automatically: element times come from your own observation or video playback.

Method: Marker area (m²) = marker length × usable width; marker efficiency % = total pattern area ÷ marker area × 100; fabric per garment (m) = marker length ÷ garments in the marker.

Purpose

Marker efficiency, wastage and fabric per garment from the marker plan you enter. It evaluates a marker; it does not nest patterns.

Units

Inputs explicitly use m², m, pcs. Keep fields without a displayed unit on one consistent, documented basis.

Working assumption

Usable width excludes selvedge and any width restriction applied in the cutting room.

Practical limit

Evaluates the marker you describe: no nesting, no alternative-marker search and no pattern file is read.